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The apostrophe is used for 2 reasons: to show that certain messages in a wrinkle are missing, and to signal ownership. The rules for apostrophes vary with the blazon of discussion. Apostrophes aid brand your writing clear and short.

Apostrophe Examples

1. 1

   Apply an apostrophe to signal buying by a name. An apostrophe with an "s" later a proper name indicates that the person, place or thing owns whatsoever substantive follows his or her proper name. For example, "Mary'due south lemons." We know the lemons belong to Mary considering of the 's. Other examples include "China'due south strange policy" and "the orchestra's conductor."

   • Ownership with certain proper nouns tin can be catchy. "Lord's day's football" is not technically right (considering Dominicus is incapable of ownership) but it'southward perfectly acceptable to say and write. "A difficult 24-hour interval's work" is likewise perfectly correct, even though the twenty-four hours is incapable of ownership.

2. ii

   Be consistent when you apply apostrophes after words that finish in "due south. " When someone's proper name ends with an "s," it is acceptable to use an apostrophe without an "s" to show buying, simply linguists with the Chicago Transmission of Style, along with others, prefer to add an "s" after the apostrophe.^{[ane] [2]}

   • Notation the departure in usage:
     • Acceptable: Jones' house; Francis' window; Enders' family.
     • Preferred: Jones's house; Francis'due south window; Enders'due south family.
   • Whichever style you lot prefer using, be consistent with information technology. It doesn't really matter which policy y'all adopt, as long as you lot adopt information technology consistently.

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3. 3

   Don't employ an apostrophe to signal ownership when using "information technology". "China's foreign policy" is correct, but say your reader already knows yous're talking about Communist china, and you lot start referring to the state as "information technology." If you lot were to reference something Mainland china owned in this mode, you'd say "its foreign policy."

   • The reason for this is to avoid defoliation betwixt "its" used for possession and "it'south" used as a wrinkle of "it is." If you're not certain whether to use an apostrophe or non, attempt maxim the sentence with "it is" or "it has." If it doesn't make sense (the mode that "it is foreign policy" cannot substitute for "Prc's strange policy"), then drop the apostrophe.

4. iv

   Use apostrophes to bespeak ownership by a plural substantive. One common trip-upwardly on apostrophe usage for a plural grouping occurs when people desire to discuss what a family unit owns. For case, say the Smart family lives beyond the street from you and owns a boat. The gunkhole is "the Smarts' gunkhole," not "the Smart's gunkhole." Because y'all are talking near all of the members of the Smart family, you would starting time with "Smarts." Considering all the Smarts (presumably) ain the boat, you add the apostrophe after the "south."

   • If the family's terminal proper name ends in "s," go far plural before adding an apostrophe. For instance, if you wanted to discuss the Williams family, they would become "the Williamses" in a plural sense. If you wanted to reference their dog, you'd say "the Williamses' dog." If the final name seems awkward to say that way, sidestep the issue by maxim "the Williams family" and "the Williams family's dog."
   • If y'all're list who owns an object, know where to put the apostrophe. For instance, if both John and Mary own a true cat, you would write "John and Mary's cat" — not "John'southward and Mary'southward cat." "John and Mary" is a cohesive noun phrase, and therefore only needs one apostrophe.

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1. 1

   In general, don't use an apostrophe to indicate a plural. The wrong use of an apostrophe to class the plural is called the greengrocer's apostrophe, since grocers are oft the worst (or at least the most visible) offenders.^[3] If yous have more i apple, so write apples, not apple tree's.

   • An occasional exception to this use is in the case of making a unmarried letter plural. Therefore, Why are there and then many i's in the give-and-take "indivisibility"? is correct, depending on who you inquire.^[4] This is simply for clarity reasons, and so the reader does non mistake it for the word "is." Withal, in modern usage, the preference is to avoid inserting an apostrophe and instead surround the single letter in quotation marks before pluralizing it: Why are at that place so many "i"southward in the discussion "indivisibility"?
   • Avoid the problem altogether with small numbers by spelling out the word: "ones" instead of "one'southward," "fours" instead of "iv'south" or "nines" instead of "9'southward." Only spell out words of numerals that are x or lower.

2. 2

   Know how to use apostrophes for acronyms and years. Say yous employ an acronym for a noun, like CD. To brand CD plural, use "CDs," not CD's." The same logic goes for years — instead of writing "Spandex was popular in the 1980'southward," use "1980s."

   • The only fourth dimension an apostrophe should be used in a year is if information technology'southward standing in for omitted numbers. For instance, if you lot wanted to shorten the yr 2005, y'all could write '05. In this case, the apostrophe is essentially acting like it does in a contraction and serving equally shorthand.

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1. 1

   Utilize apostrophes in contractions. Sometimes, peculiarly in informal writing, apostrophes are used to indicate ane or more missing letters. For instance, the word "don't" is short for "do not"; other examples include "isn't," "wouldn't," and "tin can't." Contractions tin also be made with the verbs "is," "has," and "have." For example, we can write "She's going to schoolhouse" instead of "She is going to school"; or "He'due south lost the game" instead of "He has lost the game."

2. 2

   Be aware of the its/information technology's trap. Use an apostrophe with the word "information technology" just when you lot want to indicate a contraction for "it is" or "information technology has. It is a pronoun, and pronouns have their own possessive course that does not employ an apostrophe. For example, "That dissonance? Information technology's just the domestic dog eating its bone." This may seem confusing, but it follows the same pattern equally other possessive pronouns: his, hers, its, yours, ours, theirs.

3. 3

   Avert using contractions that don't be. Many people use informal contractions such as "shouldn't've" or "'ought." These contractions aren't real contractions, then avert using them in formal writing.  Another mistake to avoid is using people'south names in contractions. For example, if you employ "Bob's" as a wrinkle of "Bob is," then that's not correct. "Bob's" is supposed to be a possessive, non a wrinkle. It's okay to use pronouns in contractions such as "he's" or "she'southward."

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1. 1

   When writing in cursive, always connect letters after an apostrophe to the residue of the word. Example: You are trying to write she's. Write shes first and and so add the apostrophe.

Add together New Question

• Question

  Do I use an apostrophe in a name when saying something belongs to them? For case: "Jessica's Art Folder." Or is it "Jessicas Art Binder"?

  

  Use the apostrophe.

• Question

  I'thousand making a sign for my habitation which will read The Porters, est. 1999. Apostrophe or no apostrophe in Porters?

  

  If you're referring to the family, you don't need the apostrophe. If you're referring to the house, spell it Porters'.

• Question

  Practise you put an apostrophe after last names on a plaque? Is information technology The Millers, The Millers', or The Miller'due south?

  

  No apostophe needed: The Millers, The Miller Family, or The Miller Habitation are all adept options. The Millers' Domicile is technically correct besides. If your last name ends in S, Z, or CH, add an "es" at the end instead of an s: The Martinezes.

• Question

  Which is preferable: Lions' Field or Lions Field (as in Lions Club)?

  

  If the field belongs to the Lions Lodge, you could write Lions'. If the field is simply named past or in laurels of the social club, you lot could write Lions.

• Question

  Is information technology St Philip's or St Philips Church building?

  

  St. Philip'southward. Likewise churches may refer to themselves as St. Philip Church, St. Luke Church, etc.

• Question

  What is the deviation between "the estimator configuration" and "the computer'due south configuration"?

  

  Essentially at that place'southward no difference.

• Question

  My son'due south/sons' Joe and John?

  

  Neither; as "sons" is plural rather than possessive, no apostrophe should be used.

• Question

  Ms Lee'southward and Ms Wong's notifications - correct?

  

  Correct.

• Question

  Would information technology be correct to write Berg'south Nest to indicate a lake habitation owned past the Berg family?

  

  Yep. "Bergs' Nest" would also work.

• Question

  "The Cullens ever saturday in the third pew." Shouldn't "Cullens" be "Cullen's"? Can yous please listing the dominion?

  

  There's no need for an apostrophe, considering you lot're merely indicating that there is more than than one Cullen. It'southward like saying "ii dogs" or "three boys."

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• If ever in doubt, always remember that apostrophes are almost always used in nouns to prove possession. Avoid using apostrophes for anything else.

• For singular names ending in "south," the Chicago Manual of Manner adds an "due south" later the apostrophe, as in "Charles's bike." If your work or assignment requires you to adhere to one convention or another, then do so. Otherwise, either form is acceptable and then long every bit it is consequent throughout a unmarried piece of written work.

• The Elements of Way by Strunk and White is a very curt and handy guide to writing and punctuation. Keep a copy of this volume nearby when y'all're writing and refer to it if you're unsure about usage.

Cheers for submitting a tip for review!

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• Don't put an apostrophe within your name on your return address label. If your surname is "Greenwood," "The Greenwoods" is correct, while "the Greenwood's" is incorrect. "The Greenwoods" indicates the residence of more than one person with the surname Greenwood, not some sort of possession.

• When a word ends in "y," as in "try," take extra care when irresolute the verb course. For example, "try" does non become "try's". "Tries" is correct.

• Throwing in apostrophes willy-nilly chop-chop shows that the writer does non understand the rules about possessives, contractions, and plurals. If in doubt, err on the side of leaving out the apostrophe.

• Exercise not use apostrophes or quotation marks for accent. For instance, take a billboard that says: Joe Schmo, the "best" realtor in town! It makes the word "best" appear sarcastic, and untrue, rather than emphasized.

• Never write "Her's." Her's is non a word, but equally you would non write "him's". Think that possessive pronouns exercise not need an apostrophe: his, hers, its, yours, ours, theirs.

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Commodity Summary X

To utilize apostrophes, add an apostrophe followed by an "south" afterwards the name of a person or place to bespeak ownership. For case, you could write "Mary's lemons." In the case of plural buying, add an apostrophe after the "due south" instead, equally in "the Smarts' gunkhole." Yous can also apply apostrophes for other contractions, including "don't" for "do non," and "isn't" for "is not." Nevertheless, you lot should avoid using an apostrophe with the discussion "information technology" and so you don't go confused with "it's," which is an abbreviation for "information technology is." For tips on how to write an apostrophe in cursive or how and avoid non-existent contractions, read on!

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